Until recently it was the shared servers that were widely preferred by users since these were the only affordable web hosting solutions available. But now things are changing, day-by-day due to the technological advancements in the web hosting industry, newer and better options are available under the affordable web hosting hood.
Virtual Private Servers or the VPS’s are the most preferred web hosting solutions available today. Affordable web hosting is the need of every website owner. Due to the increasing demand and the lowering cost of the server hardware, web hosting providers have got an option to sell affordable web hosting solutions to customers. When speaking about VPS hosting, web hosts use server virtualization softwares to create multiple VPS accounts on a single physical server. Users get to experience a dedicated like environment with a VPS. You have the privilege to use it as per your websites requirements (Ofcourse, you must go through the hosts terms of usage).
Microsoft too have introduced a server virtualization technology and is giving a tough competition to rest of the virtualization software companies such as Vmware and Parallels, with its new Hyper V virtualization technique. They have claimed that Hyper V is capable of offering many added advantages when compared to the other virtualization services and products.
A VPS can be defined as a technique of creating logical partitions on a physical server. Each partition has the capability to run individual OS and can be individually rebooted. When compared with dedicated servers, VPS can be considered as an affordable web hosting solution. They are much less expensive than Dedicated servers. With a VPS, the cost of infrastructure can be greatly reduced without compromising on performance, security and stability. The technology has reduced the burden of maintaining of maintaining a complex server hardware. The most important use of having a virtual server is that separate OS and other software’s can be installed on it. A VPS can be delivered to the customer within much lesser time than a dedicated server.
A Hyper V is a little different technology than the normal VPS. It is basically a hyper visor based technology that comes with the latest edition of Microsoft Server 2008. As per Microsoft, the core component of Hyper-V is the Windows Hypervisor. A hypervisor is a thin layer of software between the hardware and the OS that enables multiple OS to run on the hosts machine at the same time. It ensures strong partitioning between all the partitions on a physical machine. This affordable web hosting solution is considered to be reliable and robust. Apart from that it is capable of providing flexibility and easy management capabilities to developers as well as the hosts.
In addition to the advantages of normal VPS, Hyper V offer some added benefits to its users.
- Better usability and stability
- Easy and time saving migration capability.
- Decreased downtime during migrations.
- Enhanced access control with AzMan or also known as the Authorization Manager.
eUKhost too offers such an Affordable Web Hosting solution.Check out their Hyper V VPS plans for better understanding of the services they offer.
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When you are on a lookout for a web hosting provider to host your website,you generally have to make a choice among various options and features offered by hosting providers.It isn’t necessary that all the choices are clear and some may be the ones that isn’t actually necessary for your website,but since it is included in the package you unnecessarily have to pay for them as well.Also many web host claim to offer Free web hosting services inorder to attract customers.
Ideally,there are only two basic types of web hosting services namely Dedicated Server Hosting and Shared Server Hosting.Dedicated servers are usually costly and offer huge resources that are acrually not required by you small or medium websites.Under the shared hosting category comes VPS hosting,Semi-Dedicated Hosting and Reseller Hosting.Based on the platform and the software used for developing your website, you may choose any of the above web hosting services.Any website is typically developed using ASP,.Net which are Microsoft technologies,such websites can be hosted only on Windows Servers, whereas,if the websites are designed using PHP then you get an option of hosting on any of the platforms i.e. Linux or Windows.PHP has the capability of cross platform usability.Hence, most of the affordable web hosting providers have started offering PHP Hosting services.
Most users are not actually aware of the difference between Normal/Typical hosting and PHP Hosting. There are various factors that differentiate PHP Hosting from usual web hosting services.If your website is developed using PHP, more advantages and options are open for you to choose from according to your website requirements. Websites designed in PHP can be hosted on either Linux servers or Windows servers.More number of users prefer Linux for hosting PHP websites,hence it is also termed as PHP Hosting. It is commonly said that if you wish to host your PHP web site Linux Apache MySQL (LAMP) is the perfect combination. PHP hosting packages are cheaper than Windows packages.
PHP creates dynamic web pages and offeres better interactive capability than typical web site.Certain important factors about PHP Hosting support should be taken into consideration before finalizing a particular web host.It is important to ensure that your database/s would be supported with a PHP hosting server.One needs to be aware that since PHP is usually used on Linux servers,you won’t be allowed to use Windows applications such as ASP .Net on your website.It is also better to ensure that maximum availability of features for your website.PHP is also used for developing eCommerce.eCommerce industry has the maximum competition today and everyone is trying to develop website/s that can be easily browsed as well as has a good design and architecture.PHP Hosting is fast,efficient,reliable and most importantly secure.Which means PHP offers all the features necessary for an eCommerce website to succeed.You may also use shopping carts,add an SSL Certificate and unlimited MySQL databases for enhancing your website’s efficiency. All there add-ons are easily available with the Affordable web hosting provider.You should ask for these feature to the hosting provider before you place an order.
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When you have finally decided to make others feel your existence online by creating a website of your own,you may be now looking out for an affordable web hosting solutions to host your website.Being the first time,you surely don’t want to spend much on hosting.Cheap web hosting providers might be the first you would approach.But as a matter of fact,one may not be sure about the quality of service you would get from such hosting providers.Then,what can help you with this?
To avoid such situations and find an affordable yet reliable web hosting provider is your biggest challenge.There is no need to worry about.There are lots of well established and reputed web hosting companies in the Industry.Most of them offer a money back guarantee within certain time period.You can avail services from them and host your website on their servers.Yes, every good things come at a cost,such big hosting companies offer a good value for money.Now,you can get hosting packages at discounted rates by using the numerous hosting coupons offered by professional web hosting companies.Below is an explanation how you can get discounts using a coupon.
Many web hosting companies offer good discounts on their products,such as Free Dedicated IP,an SSL Certificate,Free Domain name,Free back-up space,website building software etc. Though these offers are available for certain period of time on selected products.But there are certain codes that are specially created for purchasing hosting solutions, unlike the seasonal offers.You may use these codes whenever you wish to order a web hosting package and get good discounts.These are permanent discount codes and are termed as Web Hosting discount coupons and are valid for life.The coupon codes may be used to get a discounts from 5% to 40% on web hosting packages.This way you can say that you are getting affordable web hosting solutions from big web hosting providers that are reputed and have a huge customerbase.Certain coupons also offer discounts like free web hosting services for six to twelve months. If you are an existing customer, you may ask or search for promo codes and get more resources added to your current web hosting plans such as additional disk space,RAM,bandwidth,databases, domains,back-up space etc.
There are various types of coupons from companies that can be found over the Internet.Hosting coupons are used by hosts with an intention of customer service.Once such a coupon is used,it cannot be reused by you.Different type of coupons are available for renewing your existing services.These coupon codes can be used when you wish to renew your existing services or upgrade to a higher plan. It is usually seen that the higher the package the more the discount offered by means of the coupon code. For example, if you wish to use the code for ordering a shared server,you may get a discount of upto 10% percent, whereas if you have a discount coupon for a dedicated server,you may avail a discount of upto 20-30% of the package amount.With some other plans you may get either any of the above mentioned add-on services at no additional costs.
Probably the main intention of such codes is to promote business and offer an opportunity to customers to get affordable web hosting services without compromising the quality of web hosting services.
Some common places where most of the professional web hosting companies release their web hosting discount coupons are the web hosting forums,companies official blogs,social networking websites,directories,hosting coupon sites,web hosting review sites,sometimes at popular press release websites etc.
Once you choose such an affordable web hosting provider that has good reputation in the industry,you can start with some research searching for discount coupons.You may happen to find one or more coupons for a single package you wish to host your website.This way you can get a great deal on packages offered by web hosting companies.
Related Article:
Affordable Web Hosting : Managed Servers and Unmanaged Servers
Preview:- There has always been a dilemma in deciding between Managed and Unmanaged servers.There are number of articles that help you to choose between them though.Even if you are a webmaster and posses good experience and the necessary skills,it is still recommended to opt for Managed servers.
January 23rd, 2010 in
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Metered Bandwidth on Dedicated servers
The internet industry has been growing since years and is still progressing day by day with an excellent speed. Everyday thousands of website are being created on the internet. For hosting a website a server is required.Different plans are available for the websites hosted on the Dedicated server according to the needs and requirements of the website.These websites require resources so that the site can run on the internet and can work efficiently.Some of the important resources include Hard disk space ,RAM and surely the Bandwidth.All these resources are according to the server and plan which is chosen for hosting the website.The Hard disk space and the RAM are the components of the physical server but the Bandwidth is not.
Bandwidth can be defined as the amount of data that can be Transferred from one point to another in a given period time or in other words a unit time is called Bandwidth.There are few types of Bandwidth available such as Metered and Unmetered Bandwidth.In Metered Bandwidth,Bandwidth is managed by web space provider and which has a certain limit according to the plan of the hosted website.There are some systems and soft wares available which help the web space provider to manage the Bandwidth of the particular website.Unmetered Bandwidth is exactly opposite to Metered Bandwidth.
If you are looking for such a web hosting service,kindly take a look at eukhost, one of the Best Web Hosting service provider in the UK.There are various web hosting packages that should be suitable for your website/s at affordable price.
There has been an increased amount of attacks and threats.Hackers try and attack your server by using HTTP flood tactic.There exists one single way to avoid such attacks,this is known as “Tarpitting“.In this type of hacking attempt,the hacker usually tries and sends random HTTP request to a targeted server.This makes the server unstable,such attacks also cause the server to crash.
Usually it becomes difficult to handle HTTP flood attacks,the reason being the lack of way to identify legitimate packets from the ones which are sent by the hacker,hence it is difficult to tackle such situation. The servers TCP/IP stack isn’t the only target,the prime target of HTTP flood ddos attack is the web server too that runs on it thus it results in more serious attack which is not easy to handle and your server may crash down resulting in its inaccessibility.
Though we say that it is difficult to tackle such attacks,but it isn’t impossible.There exists a solution for handling such HTTP flood ddos attack.
There exists an advanced technique known as “Tarpitting” which is an efficient counter acting method to fight against such attacks.Incase you are using a Linux based server, you can enable Tarpitting using the below command :
iptables -A INPUT -s x.x.x.x -p tcp -j TARPIT
Tarpitting automatically sets connections window size to few bytes once established successfully. According to TCP/IP protocol design, the 
connecting device will initially only send as much data to target as it takes to fill the window until the server responds. Just incase the connecting device does not receive responses, it will repeatedly start sending packets for longer period of time.
Here plays the actual role of ” tarpitting “,it won’t respond back to the packets, hence protecting your server from getting unwanted HTTP requests.
Inorder to avoid such attacks and threats,it is important to choose the Best Web Hosting services from a reputed web hosting company.No matter if you have a small business web hosting package or a Dedicated server hosting account,if you are using the services of a reliable web hosting provider,their technical expertise can help you counter act such attacks with minimum waste of time resulting in the least loss to your server.
There has been an increased amount of attacks and threats.Hackers try and attack your server by using HTTP flood tactic.There exists one single way to avoid such attacks,this is known as “Tarpitting”.In this type of hacking attempt,the hacker usually tries and sends random HTTP request to a targetted server.This makes the server unstable,such attacks also cause the server to crash.
Usually it becomes difficult to handle HTTP flood attacks,the reason being the lack of way to identify legitimate packets from the ones which are sent by the hacker,hence it is difficult to tackle such situation. The servers TCP/IP stack isn’t the only target,the prime target of HTTP flood ddos attack is the web server too that runs on it thus it results in more serious attack which is not easy to handle and your server may crash down resulting in its inaccessibility.
Though we say that it is difficult to tackle such attacks,but it isn’t impossible.There exists a solution for handling such HTTP flood ddos attack.
There exists an advanced technique known as “Tarpitting” which is an efficient counter acting method to fight against such attacks.Incase you are using a Linux based server, you can enable Tarpitting using the below command :
===================================================
<strong>iptables -A INPUT -s x.x.x.x -p tcp -j TARPIT</strong>
===================================================
Tarpitting automatically sets connections window size to few bytes once established successfully. According to TCP/IP protocol design, the connecting device will initially only send as much data to target as it takes to fill the window until the server responds. Just incase the connecting device does not receive responses, it will repeatedly start sending packets for longer period of time.
Here plays the actual role of ” tarpitting “,it won’t respond back to the packets, hence protecting your server from getting unwanted HTTP requests.
Inorder to avoid such attacks and threats,it is important to choose the Best Web Hosting services from a reputed web hosting company.No matter if you have a small business web hosting package or a Dedicated server hosting account,if you are using the services of a reliable web hosting provider,their technical expertise can help you counter act such attacks with minimum waste of time resulting in the least loss to your server.
Exchange Server 2003 is different from the Exchange Server 2000.In Exchange
Server 2000 you had to use Enterprise Edition to provide Web Access with a Front-end
Server.But it is a different case with the Exchange Server 2003.With the Exchange
Server 2003 it is possible for you to use Standard Edition or Enterprise Edition of Exchange
Server to provide Web Access with a Front-end Server.Considering a network infrastructure
is very important before thinking of implementing a Front-end Dedicated Server.You have to look for
all these.What kind of firewall(s) do you have? Do you have a DMZ (also known as perimeter
network)?Are you using an ISA Server 2000 or any other application layer firewall? Especially
using ISA Server 2000 you have some tricky functions providing a good way to securely
configure OWA Access over the ISA Server.
Preparing Exchange server 2003 for Outlook Web Access
Every user has HTTP as an allowed protocol and the Exchange server 20003 you have
will generally behave like a Backend Server. If you do not want some of your users from
accessing their mailbox using Outlook Web Access then only you have to configure on
Backend Dedicated Servers or else it is not necessary. Via Active Directory Users and Computers
in the user properties this can be done quite easily.
Figure A :- Enabling Outlook Web Access for a user
Now installing and configuring your Frontend Server will be the next task for you.
Installing it as a second Exchange Server in your organization is the easiest way to do this.
After that we should enable it to act as a Front-end Server.
In the properties of your Exchange Server in Exchange System Manager this can be
generally done.
Figure B :- Configuring a Frontend Server
Server changes from using the DAVEx process (to act as Backend Server) to the
ExProx process (acting as Frontend Server) If we choose this configuration.
To make the changes take effect rebooting the server is the next step.
To make the Frontend Server a genuine Frontend we should follow the following steps
and disable all unnecessary services.You must have the following services running
on your Frontend Server , every other service may be stopped without any trouble.
- HTTP-Service
- SMTP-Service
- Exchange System Attendant
- Exchange Routing Engine
As there should not be any public folders or mailboxes on your Frontend Server
you do not need to run the Exchange Information Store.Dismount and delete all
databases on your server and then disable the Exchange Information Store Service
will be the best option for you.We now have to configure the appropriate ports on
the firewall(s) to make our server run that is after you have successfully placed this
server in the perimeter network (also known as DMZ).
We have to open the following ports on the intranet firewall (which connects the DMZ
and the internal network).
- For Exchange Communication:
- Port 80 for HTTP
- Port 691 for Link State Algorithm routing protocol
- For Active Directory communication:
- Port 389 for LDAP (TCP and UDP)
- Port 3268 for Global Catalog Server LDAP (TCP)
- Port 88 for Kerberos Authentication (TCP and UDP)
Important :- You should now configure the DSAccess service for perimeter networks
on your Frontend Server. At first you should disable the check for available disk
space at netlogon by using RPC. This can be done by changing the following registry
key:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\MSExchangeDSAccess
Registry Value: DisableNetlogonCheck
Value Type: REG_DWORD
Value Data: 1
In addition to this you should prevent DSAccess from pinging domain controllers.
This can be done by creating the following key on your Frontend Server:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\MSExchangeDSAccess
Registry Value: LdapKeepAliveSecs
Value Type: REG_DWORD
Value Data: 0
Then you should configure your Exchange Frontend Server to connect to the DC and
GC you want by editing the server properties in Exchange System Manager.
-
For DNS communication:
- For RPC communication:
- Port 135 – RPC endpoint mapper (TCP)
- Ports 1024 and higher for RPC services
Important :- You can limit RPCs across the firewall by editing the registry of
all your DCs. You should now change the registry setting of the following key:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\NTDS\Parameters
Registry Value: TCP/IP Port
Value Type: REG_DWORD
Value Data: (available port)
If you are using IPSec between Frontend- and Backend Servers you have to open:
By configuring the Network Load Balancing Service (NBL) to act as a virtual cluster
you can provide high availability for your Frontend Server.Users connect to a running
Frontend Server will be made sure by NLB.Then every user connecting to Outlook Web Access
will connect to the virtual cluster and will then be redirected to one of your Frontend
Server nodes.
Implementing Security for Outlook Web Access
You may be concerned about security matters If you have successfully implemented your
Exchange Front-End Server constellation for providing Outlook Web Access for your users.
HTTP connectivity is not very secure and authentication information is always on the net
as clear text.In addition to this, Outlook Web Access authentication is generally session based.
This means you remain logged in if you do not logoff and close your browser.It becomes quite
easy for other users to read and send emails in the name of a company user in public web
access areas where users are unable to close the browser window.
Providing a secure HTTPS connection with an SSL server certificate is quite easy to implement.
The most interesting decision is whether to buy web server certificate from a well-known
trust center like Verisign or anyone else or to use a web server certificate from an internal
certificate authority.This certificate must then be installed on your Outlook Web Access server.
Figure C :- Installing a Web Server Certificate on an OWA Box
Now you can choose between a non-secure or a secure channel.Just check the appropriate box and
it runs if you would require 128-bit encryption.Some countries have laws that only allow 40-bit
encryption (e.g. France) so it is better that you do not forget that.You can make your OWA
connections more secure with a new feature in Exchange Server 2003.“Form-based Authentication”
this is the feature and it means you can configure a cookie timed-out session connection.
As shown in the following picture below this can be quite easily implemented.
Figure D :- Enabling Form-based Authentication
You have a default setting of 10 minutes as the timeout value for a client session
after you enable this feature.Ater this you must re-logon to get a new cookie and
new Outlook Web Access access.
Important :- You can change the default timeout by changing the following registry setting:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\MSExchangeWeb\OWA
Registry Value: PublicClientTimeout
Value Type: REG_DWORD
Value Data: (possible setting decimal)
and
Registry Value: TrustedClientTimeout
Value Type: REG_DWORD
Value Data: (possible setting decimal)
On both registry values the possible settings will vary from 1 – 4320 (minutes).
You have to restart your W3SVC service after changing these settings you have to restart
your W3SVC service.
With the setting of compression you have the possibility of speeding up your connections,
if you can make sure that your OWA clients are aware of the following requirements:
- Windows 2000 or later
- Internet Explorer 6.0 with the cumulative of November 2002 or Netscape Navigator 6.0 or higher.
If you are related to the web hosting industry or have a bit of knowledge about it then, you are probably aware of the Dedicated servers. Dedicated server is a server which is dedicated or say given to one single client.The client is the only one which will have his or her website or websites hosted on that particular server ( it also depends on the client ).All the resources of the server belongs to the client and the client can also customize the server according to the requirements.As the website is hosted on the server there are some of the resources offered with the server by the web hosting company which has provided the server to the client.Along with the Hard disk space and RAM another important resource is Bandwidth.
Bandwidth can be defined as the amount of data that can be Transferred from one point to another in a given period time or in other words a unit time is called Bandwidth.Bandwidth is provided by the web hosting company and is according to the server and plan selected by the client.Nowadays, many of the web hosting companies offer Unmetered Bandwidth.”Unmetered” Bandwidth is the Bandwidth used is not metered and it does not include any usage or overage charges. Unmetered Bandwidth cannot be called as unlimited, you will get a better idea about this with an example that 10Mbps connection gives a maximum transfer of roughly 3000 GB per month.The ISP provider also has a role in this as the speed of the internet connection is very important.
To run a computer an operating system is very essential as the operating system is the set of basic programs and utilities which is very important to make your computer run. Debian is one of the operating systems.Debian is originally called Debian GNU/Linux and it is simply called Debian.Debian is a free operating system and it is a part of the Debian project made by an association of individual for a common cause. As Debian is an operating system it also has a Kernel which is located at the core of the operating system. Kernel can also be called as the central part of the operating system as it is the one responsible for managing the resources of the operating system. A kernel connects the application software to the hardware of a computer. In other words kernel can also be described as the brain of the operating system as it the most important program and this is the program which allows you to start the other programs of the computer. A kernel connects the application software to the hardware of a computer.As mentioned above ,it is seen that the Kernel plays a very important role in the operating system.
Debian operating systems can be referred as the flavor of the Linux operating systems or to make it simple it can also be called as the version of the Linux operating systems.As the Debian operating system is the flavor of the Linux operating system it also uses the same kernel which is used by the Linux operating system. Linux operating system and Debian operating system both use the Linux kernel at present.Linux kernel is developed by Linus Trovalds.The word Linux also comes from the founder of the Linux Kernel Linus Trovalds.After the development of the Linux Kernel Linus Trovalds became the chief architect of the Linux operating system.GNU is also an operating system and the utilities and the libraries of the Linux operating system usually come from the GNU operating system.GNU operating system is a part of the GNU project and was announced by Richard Stallman ( Owner of the GNU project ).This is the reason why the name GNU/Linux is used.
At the moment Debian operating system only uses Linux kernel but the project is under development to provide Debian for the Hurd which is also a Kernel.The Hurd is free software produced by the GNU project and is a collection of Dedicated servers that run on top of a microkernel (such as Mach) to implement different features.Debian operating system is very good for people who are looking for a software for editing documents,to run a business,play games or for writing more soft wares. Moreover it is free and Debian comes with over 18733 packages. Debian runs on maximum computer system that is even if you have an older one then it might be possible that you can use Debian.Debian is free but buying CD’s or bandwidth might cost you as Debian is free but the medium through which you are taking or installing Debian operating system cost’s.You can install Debian and use it and if you need support it will be provided by the documentation on the website or with the packages of Debian.It is also possible to contact the Debian team with the help of mails or IRC.Due to all these benefits Debian is used by many individuals and organizations around the globe.Apart from this ,Debian also has something which can be considered as a benefit and a drawback.Debian is a bit difficult to use than the Linux operating system.Due to this it is very difficult for a user to use Debian if the user is new to it.To use Debian the user should have good knowledge about computers and Debian.But as Debian is difficult to use than Linux it is much more secured than Linux.
Comprehensive installers that take most of the effort out of installing the complex cPanel and WHM software packages are used by cpanel and WHM.
The following things are required if you want to install cPanel and WHM:
-One of the supported operating systems basic server install.
-As cPanel and WHM will not run without a license file a cpanel license is a necessary.( A license from an authorized cpanel distributor or partner can be obtained along with a free 15-day test license )
Before Beginning :-
A blank Dedicated server with a fresh operating system install is a must as cpanel and WHM can only be installed on it.The Dedicated server should have no data that you want to keep. Web pages, configuration files, user accounts and scripts are included in this but are not limited.Some other type of data also cannot be kept. Many changes to your system will be made by your installer.This also includes the downloading and configuring of the packages you need. Due to all these changes made on your Dedicated server as you have installed the cpanel you are suggested to reformat the server if you want to uninstall the cPanel and WHM software.
Fresh installation with minimal installation options is suggested.wget and development tool libraries are also required.
-As MySQL, Apache, exim, PHP, etc will be installed by cPanel and WHM it is necessary that you install any of these services beforehand.
-Make sure that package management (or ports) system is properly configured (yum, apt-get, up2date, ports).
-Also ensure that /etc/resolv.conf contains valid name-Dedicated servers that allow you to resolve domains properly.
Example > You can also test this, try: dig domain.com @serverip
SYNTAX : Replace “domain.com” with the name of a well known domain and replace “serverip” with the IP address of a name-server in “/etc/resolv.conf”
A fully qualified domain name that will not be used elsewhere on the server should be the hostname of this server.Already used hostname should never be set by you to a name that is already used (www, ftp, mail, etc) or to the name of an account on the server (www.domain.com).Your hostname should never be a domain name and especially not the name of your domain!!This is what the above written words mean.
If you think that installation for you should be done by cPanel, Inc and you have already obtained a license then, you may request it.IP address, the root password of your Dedicated server and the operating system installed on the server should also be provided.
The Following Partitioning Scheme Is Recommended
| Item |
Setting |
| /boot |
35 MB (Megabytes) |
| /usr |
8192+ MB
(8192MB if you have a 80GB drive, 10240MB for a 100 GB drive, drive20480MB for a 200GB drive, etc.) |
| /var |
2500+ MB |
| /tmp |
512+ MB |
| / |
2048 MB |
| /home |
Grow to fill disk |
| swap |
2x memory size |
NOTE : Different partition schemes are suitable for different types of hosting.To be allocated in different ways than others some servers may require space.This recommended scheme is an attempt to provide enough space for many different types of hosting but it is no substitution for real world experience. This partition scheme may need to be varied to suit the needs of your specific setup.
The “/tmp” directory is a special directory that is required to be writable by all users and processes on the system. In general, directories that are writable by all users and processes are a cause for security concern, however this directory is a special case. To minimize any security impact as a result of having an unsecured directory will verify and potentially remount the partition with the “no exec” option. Additionally, the installer will ensure that the sticky bit is set on the directory and that the other permissions are correct. If “/tmp” is not mounted on a separate partition, the installer will create a file system disk image of 512 MB and mount “/tmp” on the newly created disk image with the “no exec” directive. Under most circumstances, 512 MB is sufficient for the “/tmp” partition; however, your system may require additional space. It is therefore recommended that you include a separate partition for the “/tmp” mount point (sized according to your size specification) prior to installing cPanel.
Custom Configurations
Number of tools are provided by the cPanel within the cPanel and WHM Software to handle custom server and client configurations.Tools like those in our EasyApache system which allow you to configure modules, compile options, httpd.conf modifications, etc.
At this time, the following configurations are not recommended and not supported by cPanel:
- Network Address Translation (NAT)
- Operating systems not listed as supported on www.cpanel.net
Choosing to use one of the above configurations can and most likely will result in unexpected experiences when trying to use cPanel and WHM.It is strongly recommend that you do not use them.
Minimum System Requirements
- P266
- 256 Meg of ram
- 20 GB of space (Partition sizes required to host multiple account. Less than 500MB is needed for new files)
To install cpanel and WHM
Make sure you are logged in as root and perform the following commands:
- # cd /home
- # wget http://layer1.cpanel.net/latest
- # sh latest
The installer has now started, and can take between 30 and 60 minutes depending on your machine. If you are asked any questions press the Enter key or q if there is no default. After the installation has completed, you will need to setup WebHost Manager. You can refer to logging on for the first time for more information.
Important : To install cPanel you must have a stable Internet connection. The installation will be aborted,if your shell session disconnects during the installation of cPanel.The installation can be restarted if you want to by using sh latest, it is recommend that you format your machine and start over, ensuring there are no problems with the installation.
A private network created over a public one is called a VPN. It’s done with
encryption, this way, your data is encapsulated and secure in transit – this creates the
‘virtual’ tunnel.A method of connecting to a private network by a public network is
called a VPN (Example:-internet).An internet connection in a company is common.
The internet connection we use in home is a common connection too.An encrypted
tunnel between themcan be created with both of them and pass traffic,
safely – securely.
you will have to use encryption if you want to create a VPN connection to
make sure that others cannot intercept the data in transit while traversing
the Internet.Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) or Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)
are used Point-to-Point by Windows XP which provides a certain level of
security.simply because they create that virtual tunnel just discussed, by
applying encryption they are both considered tunneling protocols.
Configuration :-
To configure VPN you only need what comes with the Operating System itself
and it is built in.Just follow the steps:-
1)Confirm that the connection to the Internet is correctly configured on the
computer that is running Windows XP.
- You can try to browse the internet
- Ping a known host on the Internet, like yahoo.com, something that isn’t blocking ICMP
2)Click start and then click Control Panel.
3)In Control Panel, double click Network Connections
4)Click Create a new connection in the Network Tasks task pad
5)click Next,In the Network Connection Wizard.
6)Click Connect to the network at my workplace, and then click Next.
7)Click Virtual Private Network connection, and then click Next.
8)If you are prompted, you need to select whether you will use a dialup connection
or if you have a dedicated connection to the Internet either via Cable, DSL, T1,
Satellite, etc. Click Next.
9)Type a host name, IP or any other description you would like to appear in the
Network Connections area. You can change this later if you want. Click Next.
10)Type the host name or the Internet Protocol (IP) address of the computer that
you want to connect to, and then click Next.
11)You may be asked if you want to use a Smart Card or not.
12)You are just about done, the rest of the screens just verify your connection, click Next.
13)Click to select the Add a shortcut to this connection to my desktop check box
if you want one, if not, then leave it unchecked and click finish.
14)You are now done making your connection, but by default, it may try to connect.
You can either try the connection now if you know its valid, if not, then just close it
down for now.
15)In the Network Connections window, right-click the new connection and select properties.
Let’s take a look at how you can customize this connection before it’s used.
16)The first tab you will see if the General Tab. This only covers the name of the connection,
which you can also rename from the Network Connection dialog box by right clicking the
connection and selecting to rename it. You can also configure a First connect, which means
that Windows can connect the public network (like the Internet) before starting to attempt
the ‘VPN’ connection. This is a perfect example as to when you would have configured
the dialup connection; this would have been the first thing that you would have to do.
It’s simple, you have to be connected to the Internet first before you can encrypt and
send data over it. This setting makes sure that this is a reality for you.
17)The next tab is the Options Tab. It is The Options tab has a lot you can configure
in it. For one, you have the option to connect to a Windows Domain, if you select this
check box (unchecked by default), then your VPN client will request Windows logon
domain information while starting to work up the VPN connection. Also, you have
options here for redialing. Redial attempts are configured here if you are using a dial
up connection to get to the Internet. It is very handy to redial if the line is dropped as
dropped lines are very common.
18)The next tab is the Security Tab. This is where you would configure basic
security for the VPN client. This is where you would set any advanced IPSec
configurations other security protocols as well as requiring encryption and
credentials.
19)The next tab is the Networking Tab. This is where you can select what
networking items are used by this VPN connection.
20)The Last tab is the Advanced Tab. This is where you can configure options
for configuring a firewall, and/or sharing.
Connecting to corporate
Now that you have your XP VPN client all set up and ready, the next step
is to attempt a connection to the Remote Access or VPN server set up at
the corporate office. To use the connection follow these simple steps.
To open the client again, go back to the Network Connections dialog box.
1)One you are in the Network Connection dialog box, double-click, or right
click and select ‘Connect’ from the menu – this will initiate the connection
to the corporate office.
2)Type your user name and password, and then click Connect. Properties
bring you back to what we just discussed in this article, all the global settings
for the VPN client you are using.
3)To disconnect from a VPN connection, right-click the icon for the connection,
and then click “Disconnect”.
You can use the above steps to install VPN on Dedicated servers as well.
